mouse il 2  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids

Article Title: mRNA-1273 is placenta-permeable and immunogenic in the fetus

doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102489

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-spike cellular immunity in dams and their pups after maternal mRNA-1273 vaccination during pregnancy (A and B) After maternal vaccination with 4 μg mRNA-1273 twice, the dams and pups were examined for spike-specific lymphocyte proliferation by the readout of incorporated tritium in vitro . Splenic lymphocytes of both dams ( p = 0.001) and pups ( p < 0.001) proliferated specifically in response to spike, as opposed to those with maternal saline injection. Besides, the dams ( p = 0.004) and pups ( p < 0.001) with maternal mRNA-1273 vaccination were superior in spike-specific lymphocyte proliferation to their respective saline controls. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was the third-party stimulators, and Con-A was a mitogen to non-specifically stimulate T cells. (C and D) IFN- γ - and IL-2 ELISpot images in triplicate shown were from a representative dam and pup with maternal mRNA-1273 (4 μg) or saline vaccination during pregnancy. Both groups exhibited heightened frequencies of IFN- γ - and IL-2-secreting T cells, as compared with their respective control counterparts. Error bar charts display the boxed areas of 95% confidence intervals for the means as box-crossing horizontal lines.

Article Snippet: Murine IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T cells were quantified by mouse IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISpot Kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems).

Techniques: In Vitro, Saline, Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Control

Journal: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids

Article Title: mRNA-1273 is placenta-permeable and immunogenic in the fetus

doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102489

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunological consequences of in utero mRNA-1273 injection GD14 FVB/N fetuses were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of mRNA-1273 (IU mRNA-1273, n = 19). (A and B) Postnatally, serum anti-spike IgG 1 /IgG 2a was examined at the age of 1 month. IU mRNA-1273 led to significantly higher titers of anti-spike IgG 1 /IgG 2a , as compared with in utero saline injection (IU saline, n = 9). Serum anti-spike IgG 1 /IgG 2a gradually decreased within postnatal 3 months. Circles interconnected by a line represent IgG 1 /IgG 2a levels measured at 1 (M1), 2 (M2), and 3 (M3) months old from an individual mouse ( n = 11). (C) Lymphocyte proliferation in response to spike protein was measured by the readout of incorporated tritium ( n = 4) as counts per minute (cpm). Medium only was used as background controls, BSA as third-party stimulators, and Con-A as a mitogen to stimulate the T cell population. IU mRNA-1273 significantly proliferated specifically in response to spike protein ( p < 0.027), whereas IU saline ( n = 4) failed to show lymphocyte proliferation under spike protein stimulation. There was a significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation under spike protein stimulation between IU mRNA-1273 and IU saline ( p < 0.006). Rectangles within a dataset represent 95% confidence intervals for the means, which are shown as transverse lines crossing the rectangles. (D) Spike-reactive IFN- γ - and IL-2-secreting cells of splenic lymphocytes were enumerated by ELISpot. Figures showed the spots with their counts from the representative mice of IU mRNA-1273 and IU saline. The frequency of spike-reactive IFN- γ - and IL-2-secreting T cells was calculated by the mean of ELISpot readouts (triplicates) divided by the CD3 + cell ratio of splenic lymphocytes in each individual mouse.

Article Snippet: Murine IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T cells were quantified by mouse IFN-γ and IL-2 ELISpot Kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems).

Techniques: In Utero, Injection, Saline, Enzyme-linked Immunospot